Tecnología aplicada al cuidado de enfermería: wereables, apps y robótica

La tecnología y la inteligencia artificial ganan cada vez más espacio en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento del paciente: los wearables, las apps mHealth y los dispositivos basados en la tecnología robótica son un apoyo para el personal de salud de enfermería. A través del método hermenéutico se analizaron los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica de documentos seleccionados en Pubmed, Scielo y ELSEVIER, para describir el estado del arte de las wearables, apps y dispositivos tecnológicos que pueden ser empleados en el cuidado enfermero; lo que constituyó el objetivo de la presente investigación. Se procesaron diecisiete artículos y tres informes. Los resultados se muestran en tres categorías donde se identificaron: tres wereables, ocho aplicaciones móviles y tres robots que se emplean en enfermería. Se concluye que los wereables, las aplicaciones móviles y la robótica tienen hoy día una presencia trascendente en los espacios de cuidado y atención de salud y que acercan al personal de enfermería a sus pacientes. La tecnología no suple el cuidado de enfermería, pero si constituye una herramienta de apoyo en su quehacer.

Technology and artificial intelligence are gaining more and more space in patient diagnosis, treatment and monitoring; wearables, mHealth apps and devices based on robotic technology are a support for nursing health personnel. Through the hermeneutical method, the bibliographic review was carried out with the analysis and interpretation of the selected documents in Pubmed, Scielo and ELSEVIER: seventeen articles and three reports were processed. The results are shown in three categories identified as: three wearable, eight mobile applications and three robots used in nursing. The conclusion is that wearables, mobile applications and robotics today have a significant presence in healthcare spaces nursing staff closer to their patients. Technology does not replace nursing care but it is a support tool in their work.

Physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep measured by smartwatch: a scoping review protocol / Atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono medidos por smartwatch: protocolo de revisão de escopo

The health impacts of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are well established; thereby, the identification of instruments to assess and monitor these behaviors at a populational lev-el is relevant. In this context, smartwatches, which are wristwatch-shaped devices equipped with sen-sors, have been identified as alternatives for objectively measuring PA, SB, and sleep. Therefore, this protocol aimed at describing the goals and methods of a scoping review to map the literature on the use of smartwatches to objectively measure PA, SB, and/or sleep across the lifespan (e.g., children, adolescents, adults, and elderly) and in different contexts. Studies will be included if they use smart-watches to objectively measure at least one of the behaviors (PA, SB, and sleep) in children, adoles-cents, adults, and older adults, published after 2013. No language filter will be applied. Searches will be carried out in six databases (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, Health Technology Assessment Database, and Cochrane clinical trials) and two clinical trial repositories. The screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two authors who had previous experience in reviews and technologies. The synthesis of the results will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for extracting the results in scoping reviews. The results can contribute to scientific progress by identifying gaps and research trends, guiding future studies, and informing companies, healthcare professionals, and the general public who use smart-watch as a measurement tool for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep

Os impactos da atividade física (AF), comportamento sedentário (CS) e sono na saúde são bem estabelecidos, tornando-se relevante identificar instrumentos que permitam avaliar e monitorar esses comportamentos em nível populacional. Nesse contexto, os smartwatches, que são dispositivos em formato de relógio de pulso, com-postos por sensores, tem sido apontado como alternativa para mensurar objetivamente AF, CS e sono. Portanto, o objetivo deste protocolo foi descrever os objetivos e métodos de uma revisão de escopo para mapear a literatura científica sobre o uso de smartwatches para medir objetivamente AF, CS e/ou sono em diferentes populações e contextos. Os estudos serão incluídos se usarem smartwatches para medir objetivamente pelo menos um dos comportamentos (AF, CS e sono) em crianças, adolescentes, adultos e idosos, publicados após 2013. Nenhum filtro de idioma será aplicado. As buscas serão realizadas em sete bases de dados (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, LILACS, Health Technology Assessment Database e Cochrane Clinical Trials) e dois repositórios de ensaios clínicos. A triagem e extração dos dados serão realizadas de forma independente por dois autores com experiência prévia em revisões e tecnologias. A síntese dos resultados seguirá o framework do Joanna Briggs Institute para extração dos resultados nas revisões de escopo. Os resultados podem contribuir para o progresso científico, identificando lacunas e tendências de pesquisa, orientando futuros estudos, empresas que atuam neste mercado, profissionais de saúde e o público em geral que utilizam smartwatch como um instrumento de medição para atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono

Implementation of different strategies of the "ActTeens" intervention for adolescents: a process evaluation / Implementação das diferentes estratégias da intervenção "ActTeens" para adolescentes: uma avaliação do processo

Multicomponent programs to promote physical activity have shown promise to help adolescents to increase physical activity levels. Although evaluation of the intervention implementation process is important, information about this evaluation is rarely reported. This observational study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a 12-week physical activity intervention program for adolescents. The ActTeens program consists of three components: (1) structured physical activity sessions; (2) self-monitoring associated with daily goal setting; (3) healthy lifestyle messages (mHealth). The evaluation of the process was carried out through observations and self-reported information from the students. Fifty-one adolescents (37.5% girls) answered the questionnaire. Overall, the reach was 73.3%, retention rate 96.3%, and satisfaction with the intervention was high (score 5). The structured sessions presented high fidelity, and good acceptability among adolescents, with an average attend-ance rate of 93.7%. Participants rated the sessions as enjoyable and the teacher's role as excellent. Adherence to self-monitoring (goal setting with a pedometer) was moderate and 57.8% of adoles-cents reported using the device daily. In addition, adolescents reported that the use of a pedometer increased their motivation to practice physical activity (72.4%). Satisfaction with the messages was considered low, with only 37.8% agreeing that the messages promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, the structured sessions and the self-monitoring showed good acceptability among adolescents, and these strategies were considered relevant to promote a more physically active lifestyle. However, the component mHealth, when used as a single strategy, did not aid the adoption of healthy behavior

Programas multicomponentes para promoção da atividade física têm se mostrado promissores para auxiliar os adolescentes a aumentar seus níveis de atividade física. Embora a avaliação do processo de implementação da intervenção seja importante, informações sobre esta avaliação raramente são relatadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a implementação de um programa de intervenção de atividade física de 12 sema-nas para adolescentes. O programa ActTeens consiste de três componentes principais: (1) sessões estruturadas de atividade física; (2) auto-monitoramento associado com estabelecimento de metas diárias; (3) orientações sobre um estilo de vida saudável (mHealth). A avalição do processo foi por meio de observações e informações autorreferidas dos alunos. Cinquenta e um adolescentes (37,5% meninas) responderam o questionário. No geral, o alcance foi de 73,3%, a taxa de retenção 96,3% e satisfação com a intervenção foi alta (escore 5). As sessões estruturadas tiveram alta fidelidade, boa aceitabilidade entre os adolescentes com a frequência média de participação de 93,7% por aula. Os participantes classificaram as sessões como prazerosas e o papel do pro-fessor como excelente. A aderência ao automonitoramento (estabelecimento de metas com pedômetro) foi mode-rada e 57,8% dos adolescentes relataram usar o dispositivo diariamente. Além disso, os adolescentes relataram que o uso do pedômetro aumentou a motivação para a prática de atividade física (72,4%). A satisfação com as mensagens por aplicativo foi considerada baixa, sendo que apenas 37,8% concordaram que as mensagens promoveram a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Em conclusão, as sessões estruturadas e o uso do pedô-metro para automonitoramento mostraram boa aceitabilidade entre os adolescentes, e estas estratégias foram consideradas relevantes para promover um estilo de vida fisicamente mais ativo. Entretanto, o componente mHealth, quando usado como uma estratégia única, não auxiliou na adoção de um comportamento saudável

Accuracy and stability of a smart wearable device for quantitative analysis of environmental risks related to myopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and stability of Eye-Monitor, a smart wearable device, in quantifying environmental risks related to myopia.Methods:A diagnostic test study was conducted.Forty-two subjects aged 18-25 years old were recruited from Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in December 2021.Forty-two Eye-Monitors were selected from 80 devices using the simple random sampling method.Static and dynamic tests were carried out to compare environmental risks related to myopia.The static tests included measurements under different working distances, different head tilt angles when sitting, and different light intensities.The dynamic tests included measurements under different near-work time, different outdoor activity time, different time watching computers, and different phone viewing time.Eye-Monitor with the largest sum of absolute values of total relative error was selected, Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the set values and Eye-Monitor measurements, and the accuracy of the objectively measured values was evaluated by Bland-Altman consistency analysis.The stability of the objectively measured values from Eye-Monitor was evaluated by the coefficient of variation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.HEC-KS-2021005KY). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:There were significant correlations between the measured values and setting values in the working distance, head tilt angle when sitting, indoor light intensity, total near-work time, average continuous near-work time, outdoor activity time, time watching computers, and time viewing phones ( rs=0.999, 0.998, 0.999, 0.998, 0.976, 0.959, 0.992, 0.997; all at P<0.001), with the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of-1.23-2.32 cm, -1.49-4.24°, -13.90-26.90 lx, -6.46-0.11 minutes, -4.50-1.20 minutes, -4.01-1.34 minutes, -2.54-1.94 minutes and-2.15-0.45 minutes, respectively.More than 95% of dots were within the clinically acceptable LoA.The coefficients of variation of the measured values ranged from 1.23%-2.99%, 2.39%-8.25%, 0.87%-8.03%, 1.49%-12.52%, 6.63%-13.59%, 0.00%-14.15%, 1.20%-8.33 and 1.49%-12.51%, respectively, showing good stability.Eye-Monitor had good accuracy in measuring outdoor light intensity (95% LoA: -336.50-130.00 lx). Conclusions:The smart wearable device Eye-Monitor can be used to objectively monitor working distance, head tilt angle when sitting, indoor light intensity, total near-work time, average continuous near-work time, outdoor activity time, time watching computers, and time watching phones, which are with good accuracy and stability.

Research progress on the application of wearable devices in foot monitoring and management of diabetic patients / 中国实用护理杂志

As the focus of public health work in the world, diabetic foot disease has aroused high public concern. This paper introduces the application of the diabetic foot wearable monitoring equipment types, including plantar pressure monitoring, temperature monitoring, monitoring of the biomechanics and multimode monitoring, and wearable devices application status in patients with diabetes, puts forward the existing problems and prospect, in order to carry out domestic related to diabetic foot wearable monitoring equipment research to provide the reference.

Research progress on the self-injury behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Self-injury behavior (SIB) is a common problem behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is characterized by a series of harmful reactions made by themselves causing tissue and physical damages.It seriously affects the physical and mental health in children.An early identification of SIB in children with ASD is helpful to relieve symptoms and improve the prognosis.Aiming to enrich the understanding of SIB in children with ASD and to promote early detection and intervention, this article reviews and summarizes the research on clinical characteristics, influencing factors, evaluation, detection and intervention methods of SIB in children with ASD in recent years.

Wearable patches for transdermal drug delivery

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDs) avoid gastrointestinal degradation and hepatic first-pass metabolism, providing good drug bioavailability and patient compliance. One emerging type of TDDs is the wearable patch worn on the skin surface to deliver medication through the skin. They can generally be grouped into passive and active types, depending on the properties of materials, design principles and integrated devices. This review describes the latest advancement in the development of wearable patches, focusing on the integration of stimulus-responsive materials and electronics. This development is deemed to provide a dosage, temporal, and spatial control of therapeutics delivery.

Design and Research of Wearable Fall Protection Device for the Elderly / 中国医疗器械杂志

A protective device was designed that can be worn on the elderly, which consists of protective airbag, control box and protective mechanism. The combined acceleration, combined angular velocity and human posture angle are selected as the parameters to determine the fall, and the threshold algorithm and SVM algorithm are used to detect the fall. The protective mechanism is an inflatable device based on CO2 compressed air cylinder, and the equal-width cam structure is applied to its transmission part to improve the puncture efficiency of the compressed gas cylinder. A fall experiment was designed to obtain the combined acceleration and angular velocity eigenvalues of fall actions (forward fall, backward fall and lateral fall) and daily activities (sitting-standing, walking, jogging and walking up and down stairs), showing that the specificity and sensitivity of the protection module reached 92.1% and 84.4% respectively, which verified the feasibility of the fall protection device.

A gait signal acquisition and parameter characterization method based on foot pressure detection combined with Azure Kinect system / 生物医学工程学杂志

The gait acquisition system can be used for gait analysis. The traditional wearable gait acquisition system will lead to large errors in gait parameters due to different wearing positions of sensors. The gait acquisition system based on marker method is expensive and needs to be used by combining with the force measurement system under the guidance of rehabilitation doctors. Due to the complex operation, it is inconvenient for clinical application. In this paper, a gait signal acquisition system that combines foot pressure detection and Azure Kinect system is designed. Fifteen subjects are organized to participate in gait test, and relevant data are collected. The calculation method of gait spatiotemporal parameters and joint angle parameters is proposed, and the consistency analysis and error analysis of the gait parameters of proposed system and camera marking method are carried out. The results show that the parameters obtained by the two systems have good consistency (Pearson correlation coefficient r ≥ 0.9, P < 0.05) and have small error (root mean square error of gait parameters is less than 0.1, root mean square error of joint angle parameters is less than 6). In conclusion, the gait acquisition system and its parameter extraction method proposed in this paper can provide reliable data acquisition results as a theoretical basis for gait feature analysis in clinical medicine.

Corpo afetado: uma experiência de autorrastreamento com uma tecnologia vestível / Affected body: a self-tracking experience with a wearable technology / Cuerpo afectado: una experiencia de autoseguimiento con una tecnología vestible

RESUMO Este artigo explora a produção de significados sobre prática de dados na cultura digital a partir de uma experiência de autorrastreamento de exercícios físicos. O objetivo é problematizar a emergência de um corpo que afetou e foi afetado por uma tecnologia vestível durante uma experiência de autorrastreamento. Metodologicamente, o trabalho seguiu o formato de um relato ator-rede pautado por uma vivência de autorrastreamento. Em sua composição analítica-descritiva, o texto articula elementos da Teoria Ator-Rede e conceitos que enredam estudos de autorrastreamento como prática de dados. Foi possível identificar mobilizadores do "faz-fazer" produzido nas múltiplas afetações de um corpo híbrido, performativo e sensível às diferenças registradas no mundo.

ABSTRACT This article explores the production of meanings about data practices in digital culture based on an experience of self-tracking physical exercises. The aim is to problematize the emergence of a body that affected and was affected by a wearable technology during a self-tracking experience. Methodologically, the work followed the format of an actor-network report guided by an experience of self-tracking. In its analytical-descriptive composition, the text articulates elements of the Actor-Network Theory and concepts that entangle self-tracking studies as a data practice. It was possible to identify mobilizers of the "making-do" produced in the multiple affectations of a hybrid body, performative and sensitive to the differences registered in the world.

RESUMEN Este artículo explora la producción de significados sobre práctica de datos en la cultura digital a partir de una experiencia de autoseguimiento de ejercicios físicos. El objetivo es problematizar la emergencia de un cuerpo que afectó y fue afectado por una tecnología vestible durante una experiencia de autoseguimiento. Metodológicamente, el trabajo siguió el formato de un informe actor-red pautado por una experiencia de autoseguimiento. En su composición analítico-descriptiva, el texto articula elementos de la Teoría del Actor-Red y conceptos que enredan estudios de autoseguimiento como práctica de datos. Fue posible identificar movilizadores del 'hace-hacer' producido en las múltiples afectaciones de un cuerpo híbrido, performativo y sensible a las diferencias registradas en el mundo.

Evaluating the use of wearables in the masseter and temporal muscles: a scoping review protocol / Avaliação do uso de tecnologias vestíveis nos músculos masseter e temporal: um protocolo de revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Purpose: to develop a scoping review protocol that seeks to identify which procedures and for what purpose wearables available in the literature are being used on the masseter and temporal muscles. Methods: the approach recommended by The Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-P guidelines, will follow. Databases to be searched include PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and grey literature. In the first step, two reviewers will independently evaluate the articles by titles and abstracts, then, a full review of the selected articles will be performed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Any uncertainties or differences of opinion will be discussed for consensus. Articles published without date or language restrictions will be included. All components will be presented in tables and flow charts. In addition, a narrative summary of each component will be included for further details. Final Considerations: this protocol will present the general state of the literature on the use of wearables in masseter and temporal masticatory muscles.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver um protocolo de revisão de escopo que busque identificar quais procedimentos e com que finalidade as tecnologias vestíveis disponíveis na literatura estão sendo usadas nos músculos masseter e temporal. Métodos: seguirá a abordagem recomendada pelo The Joanna Briggs Institute e as diretrizes PRISMA-P. As bases de dados a serem pesquisadas incluem PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e literatura cinzenta. Em uma primeira etapa, dois revisores, de forma independente, avaliarão os artigos pelos títulos e resumos, em seguida, será realizada a revisão na íntegra dos artigos selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Quaisquer incertezas ou diferenças de opinião serão discutidas para consenso. Serão incluídos artigos publicados sem restrição de data e idioma. Todos os componentes serão apresentados em tabelas e fluxogramas. Além disso, um resumo narrativo de cada componente será incluído para mais detalhes. Considerações finais: este protocolo irá apresentar o estado geral da literatura acerca do uso das tecnologias vestíveis na musculatura mastigatória de masseter e temporal.

Augmented reality in interventional radiology education: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Augmented reality (AR) involves digitally overlapping virtual objects onto physical objects in real space so that individuals can interact with both at the same time. AR in medical education seeks to reduce surgical complications through high-quality education. There is uncertainty in the use of AR as a learning tool for interventional radiology procedures. OBJECTIVE: To compare AR with other learning methods in interventional radiology. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of comparative studies on teaching techniques. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Tripdatabase, ERIC, CINAHL, SciELO and LILACS electronic databases for studies comparing AR simulation with other teaching methods in interventional radiology. This systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA and the BEME Collaboration. Eligible studies were evaluated using the quality indicators provided in the BEME Collaboration Guide no. 11, and the Kirkpatrick model. RESULTS: Four randomized clinical trials were included in this review. The level of educational evidence found among all the papers was 2B, according to the Kirkpatrick model. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was applied to assess the risk of bias for individual studies and across studies. Three studies showed an improvement in teaching of the proposed procedure through AR; one study showed that the participants took longer to perform the procedure through AR. CONCLUSION: AR, as a complementary teaching tool, can provide learners with additional skills, but there is still a lack of studies with a higher evidence level according to the Kirkpatrick model. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/ACZBM in the Open Science Framework database.

Wearable technology for electrocardiogram and vectocardiogram using the Dower Transformation / Tecnologia vestível para exames de eletrocardiograma e vetocardiograma utilizando a transformada de Dower / Tecnología vestible para exámenes de electrocardiograma y vetocardiograma utilizando de la transformada de Dower

Objectives: Thousands of people suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Even though the electrocardiogram is an exam consolidated. The lack of methodological observation in the placement of sensors can compromise the results. This article proposes a wearable vest capable of conditioning cardiac signals from three simultaneous channels, reducing the chance of failures in the exam due to the smaller number of electrodes attached to the patient's body. Methods: It adds the vectorcardiogram technique to the electrocardiogram wearable, which consists of three orthonormal derivations Vx, Vy, and Vz, measuring dynamic components of the heart vector. Results: The display of the cardiac biopotential in the web-mobile application represents the visualization of the twelve derivations synthesized from the Dower transform and the spatial projections of the cardiac loop under a three-dimensional view. Conclusion: Feasibility of integrating the vectorcardiogram with the electrocardiogram exam.

Objetivos: Milhares de pessoas sofrem com doenças cardiovasculares, apesar do Eletrocardiograma ser um exame consolidado, a falta de observação metodológica na colocação dos sensores pode comprometer os resultados. O presente artigo propõe um colete vestível capaz de condicionar sinais cardíacos de três canais simultâneos, reduzindo a chance de falhas na execução do exame em função da menor quantidade de eletrodos fixados ao corpo do paciente. Métodos: Acrescenta a técnica do vetocardiograma ao vestível de eletrocardiograma, que consiste em três derivações ortonormais Vx, Vy e Vz, medindo componentes dinâmicos do vetor coração. Resultados: Exibição do biopotencial cardíaco na aplicação web-mobile representa de forma satisfatória a visualização das doze derivações sintetizadas a partir da transformada de Dower, bem como, as projeções espaciais do loop cardíaco sob uma visão tridimensional. Conclusão: Viabilidade de integração do vetocardiograma ao exame de eletrocardiograma.

Objetivos: Miles de personas padecen enfermedades cardiovasculares, a pesar de que el electrocardiograma es un examen consolidado, la falta de observación metodológica en la colocación de sensores puede comprometer los resultados. Este artículo propone una tecnología vestible capaz de acondicionar las señales cardíacas de tres canales simultáneos, reduciendo la posibilidad de fallas en el examen por la menor cantidad de electrodos adheridos al cuerpo del paciente. Métodos: Agrega la técnica del vetocardiograma al electrocardiograma vestible, que consta de tres derivaciones ortonormales Vx, Vy y Vz, midiendo los componentes dinámicos del vector cardíaco. Resultados: La visualización del biopotencial cardíaco en la aplicación web-móvil representa satisfactoriamente la visualización de las doce derivaciones sintetizadas a partir de la transformada de Dower, así como las proyecciones espaciales del bucle cardíaco bajo una vista tridimensional. Conclusión: Viabilidad de integrar el vetocardiograma con el examen electrocardiográfico.

Research on simulation and optimal design of a miniature magnetorheological fluid damper used in wearable rehabilitation training system / 生物医学工程学杂志

The goal of this paper is to solve the problems of large volume, slow dynamic response and poor intelligent controllability of traditional gait rehabilitation training equipment by using the characteristic that the shear yield strength of magnetorheological fluid changes with the applied magnetic field strength. Based on the extended Bingham model, the main structural parameters of the magnetorheological fluid damper and its output force were simulated and optimized by using scientific computing software, and the three-dimensional modeling of the damper was carried out after the size was determined. On this basis and according to the design and use requirements of the damper, the finite element analysis software was used for force analysis, strength check and topology optimization of the main force components. Finally, a micro magnetorheological fluid damper suitable for wearable rehabilitation training system was designed, which has reference value for the design of lightweight, portable and intelligent rehabilitation training equipment.

Movimento quantified self: a vida fitness orientada por números / Quantified self movement: a number-based fitness life / Movimiento quantified self: la vida fitness orientada por números

Este artigo descreve os modos pelos quais usuários de um aplicativo fitness que prescreve exercícios físicos personalizados orientam suas condutas em interação com números gerados por self-tracking. Baseado na Teoria Ator-Rede, foram analisadas as interações derivadas de relações entre usuário, aplicativo e rede a qual ele está integrado. Tendo a autoexperimentação como demarcador, os resultados apontaram duas perspectivas de conduta orientada por dados: aqueles que seguem os insights apontados pela tecnologia, ainda que com ajustes, e aqueles que realizam experimentos mais aprofundados, caracterizados como biohackers. Muitos dos biohackers se tornam também influenciadores digitais e constituem uma espécie de rede de colaboração nas mídias sociais. Conclui-se que os usuários, enquanto sujeitos empreendedores de si, orientam suas condutas através dos números, produzem relatórios que envolvem dados de diversas atividades humanas, por meio de diferentes softwares e realizam autoexperimentação. (AU)

This article describes the ways in which users of a fitness app that prescribes personalized exercise guide their behavior through the numbers generated by self-tracking. Based on the Actor-Network Theory, interactions between user, fitness app and the network to which it is integrated were analyzed. The results suggest self-experimentation as a common behavior and two perspectives of data-driven behavior: those that follow the insights recommended by the technology, albeit with adaptations; and those who perform more consistent experiments, characterized as biohackers. Many of the biohackers also become digital influencers, and form a kind of collaboration network on social media. It is concluded that users, as entrepreneurs of themselves, guide their behavior through numbers, produce reports that involve data from various human activities, through different software and practice self-experimentation. (AU)

Este artículo describe las formas en que los usuarios de una aplicación de fitness que prescribe ejercicio personalizado orientan sus conductas interactuando con los números generados por self-traking. A partir de la Teoría Actor-Red, se analizaron las interacciones derivadas de las relaciones entre usuario, aplicación de fitness y la red en la que está integrado. Con la autoexperimentación como marcador, los resultados muestran dos perspectivas de conducta orientada por datos: los que siguen aquello que indica la tecnología, aunque con ajustes, y aquellos que realizan experimentos más profundos, caracterizados como biohackers. Muchos de los biohackers también se convierten en influencers digitales y forman una especie de red colaborativa en las redes sociales. Se concluye que los usuarios, como emprendedores de sí mismos, orientan sus conductas a través de los números, producen informes que incluyen datos de diversas actividades humanas, a través de diferentes softwares, y practican la autoexperimentación. (AU)

Development of a Wireless Wearable Body Temperature Measurement System Based on NTC / 中国医疗器械杂志

Body temperature is an important physiological parameter of the human body and is used in medicine to reflect the physiological state and health status of the human body. At present, the commonly used clinical thermometers on the market are mainly divided into contact and non-contact types. Most of them are used for rapid body temperature measurement, and it is not easy to monitor body temperature changes in real time. This article introduces a new wearable wireless body temperature monitoring system based on NTC, which senses through NTC. The temperature changes are amplified and filtered, zeroed, and calibrated, and then the temperature data is uploaded to the mobile phone APP via Bluetooth in real time to achieve real-time accurate measurement of body temperature.

Application and research of smart wearable devices for heart and brain diseases related to high altitude / 生物医学工程学杂志

Smart wearable devices play an increasingly important role in physiological monitoring and disease prevention because they are portable, real-time, dynamic and continuous.The popularization of smart wearable devices among people under high-altitude environment would be beneficial for the prevention for heart and brain diseases related to high altitude. The current review comprehensively elucidates the effects of high-altitude environment on the heart and brain of different population and experimental subjects, the characteristics and applications of different types of wearable devices, and the limitations and challenges for their application. By emphasizing their application values, this review provides practical reference information for the prevention of high-altitude disease and the protection of life and health.

Effects of ankle exoskeleton assistance during human walking on lower limb muscle contractions and coordination patterns / 生物医学工程学杂志

Lower limb ankle exoskeletons have been used to improve walking efficiency and assist the elderly and patients with motor dysfunction in daily activities or rehabilitation training, while the assistance patterns may influence the wearer's lower limb muscle activities and coordination patterns. In this paper, we aim to evaluate the effects of different ankle exoskeleton assistance patterns on wearer's lower limb muscle activities and coordination patterns. A tethered ankle exoskeleton with nine assistance patterns that combined with differenet actuation timing values and torque magnitude levels was used to assist human walking. Lower limb muscle surface electromyography signals were collected from 7 participants walking on a treadmill at a speed of 1.25 m/s. Results showed that the soleus muscle activities were significantly reduced during assisted walking. In one assistance pattern with peak time in 49% of stride and peak torque at 0.7 N·m/kg, the soleus muscle activity was decreased by (38.5 ± 10.8)%. Compared with actuation timing, the assistance torque magnitude had a more significant influence on soleus muscle activity. In all assistance patterns, the eight lower limb muscle activities could be decomposed to five basic muscle synergies. The muscle synergies changed little under assistance with appropriate actuation timing and torque magnitude. Besides, co-contraction indexs of soleus and tibialis anterior, rectus femoris and semitendinosus under exoskeleton assistance were higher than normal walking. Our results are expected to help to understand how healthy wearers adjust their neuromuscular control mechanisms to adapt to different exoskeleton assistance patterns, and provide reference to select appropriate assistance to improve walking efficiency.

Clinical value of changes of gait characteristics in the progression of Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Objective:To determine the evolution of gait impairment over the course of Parkinson′s disease (PD) by assessing the changes of gait characteristics in different disease stages, which could be helpful for disease monitoring.Methods:A total of 276 PD patients [PD group, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage 1-3] and 63 healthy controls (control group) enrolled in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to September 2021 were included in this cross-sectional study. The gait spatiotemporal variables were recorded by a portable inertial measurement unit system. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to obtain gait domains representing different gait characteristics. One way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences of gait variables and gait domains among the control group and 3 different H-Y stages of the PD group, as well as the differences among the control group and 2 motor subtypes of PD in different stages. The sensitivity of different gait variables and gait domains in evaluating the severity of gait impairments at different disease stages was compared.Results:Eleven gait spatiotemporal variables were grouped in 4 gait domains: pace (step length, gait speed and stride length), rhythm/phase (cadence, stride time and double support time), pace-related variability/asymmetry [step length coefficient of variation (CV), gait speed CV and step length asymmetry] and rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry (swing time CV and swing time asymmetry). As the disease progresses, most evolution trends of the 4 gait domains in the tremor-dominant PD patients were consistent with those in the non-tremor-dominant subtype. Compared with the control group, PD patients at H-Y stage 1 began to show the mild impairment of rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry (effect size 0.42; standardized score -0.03±0.69 vs -0.33±0.49, P<0.05), especially swing time asymmetry in tremor-dominant patients; the pace domain was damaged moderately in PD patients at H-Y stage 2 (effect size 0.64; standardized score 0.12±0.80 vs 0.64±0.81, P<0.05), especially in non-tremor-dominant PD patients, but not in PD patients at H-Y stage 1 ( P>0.05). Pace-related variability/asymmetry showed great impairment in PD patients at H-Y stage 3 (effect size 0.62; standardized score 0.27±1.12 vs -0.27±0.52, P<0.05), but not in PD patients at H-Y stages 1 and 2 ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The characteristic impairments of gait in PD evolve in the process of disease progression. The rhythm/phase-related variability/asymmetry domain may be a marker to distinguish early PD from healthy controls. The pace domain and the pace-related variability/asymmetry domain are important markers to evaluate the progression of PD.

Heartbeat-aware convolutional neural network for R-peak detection of wearable device ECG data / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a method for R-peak detection of ECG data from wearable devices to allow accurate estimation of the physiological parameters including heart rate and heart rate variability.@*METHODS@#A fully convolutional neural network was applied to predict the R-peak heatmap of ECG data and locate the R-peak positions. The heartbeat-aware (HA) module was introduced to enable the model to learn to predict the heartbeat number and R-peak heatmap simultaneously, thereby improving the capability of the model for extraction of the global context. The R-R interval estimated by the predicted heartbeat number was adopted to calculate the minimum horizontal distance for peak positioning. To achieve real-time R-peak detection on mobile devices, the deep separable convolution was adopted to reduce the number of parameters and the computational complexity of the model.@*RESULTS@#The proposed model was trained only with ECG data from wearable devices. At a tolerance window interval of 150 ms, the proposed method achieved R peak detection sensitivities of 100% for both wearable device ECG dataset and a public dataset (i.e. LUDB), and the true positivity rates exceeded 99.9%. As for the ECG signal of a 10 s duration, the CPU time of the proposed method for R-peak detection was about 23.2 ms.@*CONCLUSION@#The proposed method has good performance for R-peak detection of both wearable device ECG data and routine ECG data and also allows real-time R-peak detection of the ECG data.